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Castelul Bran Bran - Cazare lângă Castelul Bran
Bran, Judetul Brasov
Bran Castle was built on a rock lying between the Magura and Hill Fortress, its position providing panoramic valley and hills as well as to Moeciu Barsa. Need to build the city was required in the strategic and economic considerations. The strategy highlighted the expansion of the Ottoman Empire, which at mid-fourteenth century has come to threaten the southeastern borders of Transylvania, the economic data from commercial road passed through here, one of the most important access roads connecting the country Transylvania Romanian.All these arguments led him to the Hungarian King Louis I of Anjou to take measures to strengthen the Bran pass. Interested in raising and Brasov city were eager to strengthen geographical position, on the one hand and economic commercial road that passed through supervision by passing on the other.These common shares are vested at 19 November 1377 when Louis I of Anjou granted the privilege to build the city of Brasov "nesiliţi and unconstrained but have willingly and generously promised unanimously to build a new fort in Bran, to make their own their labors and expenses and Rupert there long and wide. "remarkable was that the Hungarian's death in 1382 the city was already closed.
On completion, the city shall install the Hungarian royal property here a garrison of mercenaries made up of archers and balistari.The king granted the city needs an area consisting of villages Baciu Cernatu, Satulung, Turcheş, Tarlungeni, Zizin, Purcareni, Crizbav, apathy, and Tohan Zarnesti (last two in 1395) the right to use forests and water, hunting and fisheries, use of common fields and grassland. Hungarian Crown assuming the right to appoint the leadership of a castle fortress. This power was entrusted sometimes comitelui Székely, depending mostly owned voivodes Transylvania.However by the 1380 Act provides that, in general, a SAS can be called function.
Castellan meet military attributions (Garrison Command, the organization of border surveillance) judicial and administrative functions he controlling revenues result from obligations conferred area residents and other economic activities, which was due Brasov as a master.Meanwhile, near the city, was built at a point where customs fee of 3% of goods were transited by commercial road connecting Transylvania Romanian Country.
In the fifteenth century, the fruit of collaboration between the Hungarian King Sigismund and Wallachia Mircea the Old, Ottoman policy, once in possession of Bran castle Wallachian prince and his descendants to strengthen Siebenbürgen-Wallachian border. On this occasion at the foot custom cetăşii moved to Brasov.Mircea pârcălabii replaced with one of his castle, it însărcinându commercial road surveillance. On 6 August 1413 commercial privilege granted Brasov known which strengthens the "settlements that their ancestors had for customs at the fairs of the Romanian country and by road from Brasov to Braila Bran Pass. Descendants of Mircea the Elder does not comply with commercial privileges conferred Brasov which it causes them to complain about the Hungarian king.This coupled with the insistence of the Turkish attacks (culminating with that in 1421 the Turks plundered Barsa) causing the Sigismund to rely on 3 February 1426, Bran castle însărcinându Transylvanian prince with him on this appointment castle. In exchange for the granting of new privileges Brasov, they were obliged to supply the city with food and to inform the Transylvanian prince if imminent Turkish threat.In the summer of 1427 seems to come personally to Bran Sigismund to examine the fortifications, but with all the measures taken by the Turks enter the 1436 looting of Barsa Bran Pass it again.
In the summer of 1441 Turkish incursion into Transylvania iniţiează one nine but were defeated in the Bran region of Iancu of Hunedoara, prince of the province, which has paid particular attention to Bran castle and commercial road passed through here, confirming the old commercial privilege granted Brasov Mircea the Old and strengthened by Sigismund.In early 1459 his armies penetrated by Bran Dracula, Wallachia, Brasov attacking and burning the old church of St. Bartholomew's suburbs, action taken following a commercial dispute that he had with Mr. Land Romanian Brasov merchants. All have passed through Bran and Prince Stephen Bathory armies to assist in Vlad the second reign (1456-1462).Abuses committed by Bran castle castellans hinder the business of the city, became one of the most important commercial centers of Transylvania, Brasov and led the attempt to take possession. To this end, Brasov had to take apart the approval of the king, the real owner and consent of the Transylvanian prince, who is responsible for border defense as committing the Székely, exercises and military authority over the Bran fortress.Understanding appears to have occurred only between Brasov and Hungarian king Vladislav II and 1 January 1498 Jagello latter zălogeşte single Bran Brasov city "with all her possessions and rights of use" on for ten years against payment of 1000 florins . Thereafter in 1508 the Hungarian king reânoieşte on another twenty-five years, zălogirea domain and Bran castle, Brasov.After this period, royalty, had to pay 6300 florins Brasov amount as redemption, otherwise remaining in possession Brasov fortification. In 1513 King Vladislav II Jagello issued a note which city out of the jurisdiction of the Transylvanian prince Bran and Brasov to deliver "administration and maintenance" for twenty-five years, provided that they are always faithful to King and to preserve spies in the city and maintenance of Turkey.By this act shall take possession of the city Brasov and Bran full range of owner.
Bran Brasov city in transition rule has, in addition to increasing obligations and a tightening of their serfs, against whom they complain and often rises. In addition, a decision the king dating from the XVI century, they were obliged to perform military service on behalf of Brasov and if necessary, to appear under arms at his request. This domain generating Bran fleeing serfs from the villages.Transylvanian peasant revolt coincides with the situation in 1514. Bran serfs on the field refuses to stand against the rebels, as evidenced in a letter to the Prince of Transylvania, King of Hungary, and, moreover, "our citizens refuse to pay their regular fee even Brasov. Of this less than their disobedience deprived of our city itself appeared in Brasov and a rebellion in Barsa ordinary people."The attitude has annoyed driving peasants Bran Brasov, who initially did not dare to take any action, pending denouement revolt. Only after its suppression, Brasov dared to address the king, asking him support. To the king, John Zápolya, prince of Transylvania, set off for Brasov to punish rebels. Following this action, Brasov, was reinstated by force of arms. It was political action of Brasov, as expected, involved and Bran castle.Thus, at first, after denouement of Mohacs, Brasov supporting Ferdinand of Austria, have adopted a hostile attitude toward John Zápolya, who managed to take possession of Transylvania. This explains why, when praised, commander Wallachian armies, trying to go to Transylvania to assist John Zápolya, in 1529, met with resistance garrison city Bran castle led by John Hock. Although the siege lasted several days, the city could not be conquered.Bran castle next year and stand against Mehmed Beg, stop trying to penetrate the Turks in Transylvania in support of John Zápolya same. In 1531 Brasov, seeing that their resistance against Zápolya them harm, the passing of his oath of allegiance lodging. Instead it reinforces their old privileges, prince, giving them and possession of Buzau Transylvanian forest.
And after 1541, when Transylvania became an autonomous principality under Turkish suzerainty, Bran castle is still in possession of Brasov.Serfs of the field, but are subject to pay tribute Turkish until 1602, when a prince suspended for Brasov.
Michael the Brave, the journey to Alba Iulia Bran December 1596 to use the road, his wife, apparently, remained in the city three days. Son of Michael the Brave, Nicolae Patrascu, in 1600, to punish Brasov, which is against rule revoltaseră Mr. Highlander, trying to penetrate Burzenland Bran. Bran could not conquer the city fortifications were forced to withdraw.In coming decades, the prince of Transylvania, Gabriel Bathory, temporarily occupying the Bran castle, Brasov denied her rights. This action caused great damage Brasov, both economic, through the interruption of trade with Romanian Land and politico-military nature. Brasov in 1613, following an agreement with Gabriel Bathory get possession again Bran castle.That same year, the Turkish military campaign led by Ali Pasha Maghiaroglu, installation campaign Gabriel Bethlen as prince of Transylvania, Bran castle Pasha asked to stop the guns crossing "Sultan tataricum" there. Brasov permanent trend to mix in politics led him to Gabriel Bethlen of Transylvania (now in the meantime the prince) to put the issue of legal titles to verify possession of Bran castle and the area in question. In 1625 the Transylvanian prince will învoi to leave the city and field possession Brasov Bran.In spring 1651 the day of April 25, ending with the Transylvania Brasov George Rackoczi II a contract of sale that the city buy "the right to forever and irrevocably" city and area which included the villages of Bran Bran castle belonging to and municipalities: Purcareni, Zizin, Tarlungeni, Satulung, Cernatu, Turcheş, Bacifalu, Crizbav and apathy became full owner thereof.In return for ceding ownership of the city and area, Brasov in May had to give, in addition to the amount owed by Vladislav II and the sum of 11,000 florins (every fiscal) together with a number of villages located by then in their possession. The contract of sale of the domain Bran Transylvania stature was confirmed by law Approbatae Constitutiones kingdom Transsilvaniae III Title 82, Article I. After a battle, fought with determination, for over one hundred and fifty years, succeeded in Brasov city strengthen, legal rights over Bran.In the late seventeenth century, following defeat by the Turks, the first siege of Vienna in 1683 and then at Zenta in 1687 in Transylvania between the Habsburg Empire.Whereas Diploma Leopoldine "in 1691 were confirmed all privileges and donations made by the Princes of Transylvania, in recognition of the old laws of the country, the old administrative and judicial establishment, maintenance and Székely Saxons hold their ancient privileges as the city of Brasov remains the owner of the fortress and Bran area, according to the contract in 1651.Economic policy and military strategy of the Habsburgs in the eighteenth century led to limiting the role of the city, have hampered the trade in Brasov Romanian country, preventing even the exercise of the powers within the Bran castle.Thus, on 1 May 1706 entry from Bran placed in administration of tricesimator (publican) tezaurariatului official of the Austrian state, which in addition to attributions of collecting customs duties, took over the castle, lands and paths between Bucegi and Piatra Mountains to prevent such illicit business activities and crossing the border illegally. At the same purpose, the Austrian was a cordon sanitaire along the Carpathians, creating the middle of the eighteenth century a quarantine office at Bran.To strengthen the Bran Pass in 1723 as the result of an inscription on a wall inside the castle has been renovated. Fundamental functions of the city have been reduced practically to the establishment of government and residence areas of the castle. She was a fortified residence that could possibly respond to a possible attack. With all these impediments Bran castle continued to be mentioned in chronicles and also partly to exercise military role.Charles XII, king of Sweden, following defeat in Russia, passing en route to his country at Bran, with his troops to Turkish refugees. In 1737 an Austrian corps passing Bran attacking the Turks are in Campulung. In the context of Russian-Austrian-Turkish war of 1787, Bran gorge was overrun by Muslim armies, which attacked the city, but it could not conquer. Greater economic crisis in the second half of the eighteenth century, led the Austrian state to tighten fiscal introducing so-called "land records and Bran.Nineteenth century, however, brought the decline and the last military fortress Bran attributions.
Fortress could not be an effective guardian of the border because of fighting tactics change and generalization performance firearms. In 1836, moreover, with the Transylvanian border with Wallachia move above the mountain, the Eagle, the city lost Bran act as the customs border, the Austrian state and with it control of transit trade in the area. Activity is directed exclusively towards the city administration office area, a situation which will generate many abuses by tenants and castle.These abuses have resulted in movement revolutionized the context of 1848, a local revolt, reflected by Bran the "national guard" who have acted against the castle and guard the city's alungându. Imminent Russian-Romanian-Turkish war of 1877 resulted in the Austrian army to raise fortifications along the eastern border of Transylvania. In this context, the Austrians occupied the fortress of Bran, and replacing the roof (easily exposed bombing) with faşine, action has led to serious deterioration.Taking note of the incident asked the Austrian authorities Braşov city restoration. They finally agreed to meet the cost of repairs made between 1883-1886, on 22 July 1888 handed over a city of Brasov. Soon, however, Forest City Office donate city of Brasov. From then on she lived forester, foresters Bran temporarily, in some formal rooms, furnished particular forest inspectors arrived in Brasov. Forestry Office held the city until 1918.
Daniel Tiberiu Apostol
Castelul Bran Bran
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Castelul Bran Bran
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